Cell death thesis pdf

The role of programmed cell death in the drought response of arabidopsis roots. A journey down the cell death pathway of mitochondriatargeted chlorambucil by rida mourtada a thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of master of science graduate department of pharmaceutical sciences. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Apoptosis, or cell suicide, is the mechanism by which old or damaged cells normally selfdestruct. The cell death in midoogenesis is caspase dependent but is unusual in that it can occur independently of an initiator caspase. Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death that plays a central role in development and cellular homeostasis in higher eukaryotes. The role of mrgprx2mrgprb2 in regulating mast cell function, ibrahim s. However, this phenomenon later came into question, because the presence of autophagosomes in dying cells does not necessarily signify that autophagy is the cause of demise, but rather may reflect the efforts of the cell to prevent it. Molecular mechanisms of cell death and cell clearance. Engineering salinity tolerance in rice by exogenous expression of cell death regulators i engineering salinity tolerance in rice by exogenous expression of cell death regulators. Here i present a thesis describing the mechanism and functions of a gene named spata2 that plays a dual role in regulating tnfinduced cell death as well as tlrmediated proinflammatory responses. Apoptosis is a canonical cellular death pathway that. Cadmiuminduced autophagy and autophagic contribution to.

Lymphocyte apoptosis is crucial to proper immune function. Studies described in this thesis adopted genetic and pharmacological interventions, in conjunction with immunofluorescent and live cell imaging, to investigate trpm2dependent cell death induced by h2o2 and the 42residue of amyloid. On the one hand, accidental cell death is induced upon exposure to severe insults, such as. Pdf cell death and the subsequent postmortem changes, called necrosis, are integral parts of normal development and maturation cycle. Submitted to the faculty of the university graduate school. Cell death is a highly organized fundamental activity that is equally complex in regulation as cell division and differentiation. Effects of chemotherapy on bone growth and chondrocyte cell. Types of cell death according to the nomenclature committee on cell death, cell death can be operationally categorized in two major groups.

This characterization, which sociologists have termed the denial of death thesis, first arose in the social. Gene expression profiling and the role of hsf1 in ovarian cancer in 3d spheroid models, trillitye paullin. Tumor necrosis factor tnf is an apical cytokine that drives inflammation through triggering the synthesis and secretion of multiple downstream proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Wayne state university cancer biology dissertations cancer.

Sudeshna dutta, doctor of philosophy, 2008 dissertation directed by. A journey down the cell death pathway of mitochondria. Although cell death is known as apoptosis ve necrosis, molecular studies add to morphological studies and according to this, this. Inhibition of human mitochondrial peptide deformylase hspdf depolarizes the mitochondrial membrane, reduces mitochondrial protein translation and causes apoptosis in burkitts lymphoma. Kim newton, andreas strasser, in advances in immunology, 2001. Cellular injury arises when a cell is unable to sustain homeostasis. Autophagy as a means of cell killing was first advanced by clarks phenotypic description of type ii autophagic cell death in 1990. But since necrosis refers to the degradative processes that occur after cell death, it is considered by some to be an inappropriate term to describe a mechanism of cell death. Programmed cell death in plants refers to the apoptoticlike cell death which is under the strict genetical control. Whalen,9 manolispasparakis,8 siddharthbalachandran,4 michelle kelliher,3 alexander poltorak,6 and alexei. Targeting tbet for prevention of graftversushost disease and leukemia relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, jianing fu. Engineering salinity tolerance in rice by exogenous.

However, the role of soluble fas and fasl in the proliferation and cell death of lung cancer cells has yet to be clarified and may open new opportunities for. The most studied form of programmed cell death is apoptosis, a highly conserved, intrinsic process characterized by a family of proteases called caspases. Programmed cell death, the removal of certain cells, allows multicellular organisms the ability to sculpt developing tissue or protect themselves from disease. Almost all the treatments that increased apoptosis following infection were essential early innate. The viable cell population was assumed to consist of normal growing, normal nongrowing and apoptotic cell subpopulations.

Functions of atrmec1 in meiosis and the cell cycle, layne weatherford. Cadmiuminduced autophagy and autophagic contribution to cell. Kearney tcd thesis 10640 inflammatory consequences. Once perceived as an unimportant occurrence in living organisms, cell degeneration was reconfigured as an important biological phenomenon in development, aging, health, and diseases in the twentieth century. Cell biology, microbiology, and molecular biology theses and. Undergraduate thesis or project rutledge patrick research. To further understand how different species of par regulate the nuclear translocation of aif, we generated a parbinding mutant aif transgenic knockin mouse. It is well known that several cancers exhibit a decreased cell surface expression of fas and consequently escape the control of fasmediated apoptosis, although underlying mechanisms are unclear. Mar 01, 20 this thesis defines a new form of cancer cell death induced by the small molecule erastin. Msc by thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of. Vdrripk1 interaction and its implications in cell death and cancer intervention, waise quarni. The demise of cells by programmed cell death is marked by a welldefined sequence of morphological changes, collectively referred to as apoptosis, a greek word that means dropping off or falling off as in leaves from a tree. It removes developing lymphocytes that fail to express an antigen receptor, thereby ensuring a functional repertoire of mature b and t cells, and it maintains tolerance toward self by eliminating lymphocytes with antigen receptors that recognize autoantigens. Around the time of this journals first volume, the concept of pcd, i.

Examining the role of autophagy in skeletal muscle cell death. Pdf the role of programmed cell death in the drought. A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of master of science. The role of brctcontaining proteins brca1 and paxip1 in cancer, ankita jhuraney. Characterization of colon cancer cell culture based. Pdf cell death and the subsequent postmortem changes, called necrosis, are. Thesis submitted for the degree of doctor of philosophy at.

Dental theses penn dental medicine university of pennsylvania. The overall aim of this thesis is to shed light on different aspects. Tethering lov1 irreversibly to the plasma membrane with a dual acylated nterminal tag did not impact its ability to mediate hr cell death, reinforcing the idea that lov1 signaling occurs at the plasma membrane. Ripk1 and ripk3 kinases promote celldeathindependent. However, the crosstalk between these two cell death related processes is not well understood in skeletal muscle. When the cell attempts to repair the dna damage, it can.

Experimental cell research ecr is dedicated to publishing manuscripts that significantly advance. Erastin is a quinazolinone derivative that was originally identified in a screen for small molecules that are synthetic lethal with the ras oncogene. This student paper was written as an assignment in the. It is part of the development as well as ensuring tissue homeostasis and cellular turnover. Engineering salinity tolerance in rice by exogenous expression of cell death regulators v list of publications and conferences thi my linh hoang, brett williams, harjeet khanna, james dale and sagadevan g. Immunity article ripk1 and ripk3 kinases promote celldeathindependent in.

Victorin induces apoptoticlike cell death, and cell death is a component of resistance to p. Nineteenth century research on naturally occurring cell death and related phenomena accepted. This research supports the idea that plant nblrr proteins can exert their effectormediated hr function without nuclear localization. Additionally, treatments with monoclonal antibodies specific to various cytokines and cytokine receptors were tested. Examining the role of autophagy in skeletal muscle cell death and differentiation by michael elliott mcmillan a thesis presented to the university of waterloo in fulfilment of the thesis requirement for the degree of doctor of philosophy in kinesiology waterloo, ontario, canada, 2014. The significance of apoptosis the development and maintenance of multicellular biological systems depends on a sophisticated interplay between the cells forming the organism, it sometimes even seems to involve an altruistic. Mechanisms of ionizing radiationinduced cell death in primary lung cells ronald allan m. Cell biology, microbiology, and molecular biology theses. We studied the lymphocyte apoptosis stage of infection in many different strains of mice. Wayne state university cancer biology dissertations. Molecular mechanisms of necrotic cell death in ischemic renal injury. Necrotic cell death, as one type of major cell death after ischemic reperfusion injury. The fact that cell death is not ultimately a bad thing came as a surprise to many researchers.

The overall aim of this thesis is to shed light on different aspects regarding the mechanisms of programmed cell death and cell clearance. In the first study, we found that sorafenib is particularly effective in inducing cell death in a panel of human myeloma cell lines. Baehrecke center for biosystems research university of maryland biotechnology institute university of maryland, college park, md department of cancer biology. Trpm2 channelmediated signalling mechanisms for neuronal. The cell death process and the removal of the dying cells has to be tightly regulated since dysregulated cell death and cell clearance pathways are correlated with. When the cell attempts to repair the dna damage, it can occasionally do so through an. Molecular mechanisms of apoptosis induction by aicar and. Cadmiuminduced autophagy and autophagic contribution to cell death in cadmiumtreated mesangial cells bilal ahmadi master of science department of laboratory medicine and pathobiology university of toronto 2016 abstract cadmium cd is a nephrotoxic metal. Described decades ago, the warburg effect of aerobic glycolysis is a key metabolic hallmark of cancer, yet its significance remains unclear. Thi my linh hoang thesis pdf 5mb description rice, an important crop that feeds more than half of the worlds population is very sensitive to salinity stress a growing.

How the dcp1 effector caspase becomes activated in midoogenesis remains to be determined. Investigating the role of ptpn and entr1 in apoptotic cell. Therapeutic approaches to halting photoreceptor cell death. Dying cells shrink and condense and then fragment, releasing small membranebound apoptotic bodies, which.

Inhibition of human mitochondrial peptide deformylase. In this essay, we reexamine the warburg effect and establish a framework for understanding its contribution to the altered metabolism of cancer cells. Studies on the mechanisms of sorafenibinduced cell death. Amelioration of ionizing radiation induced cell death in lymphocytes by baicalein thesis pdf available june 2016 with 3,779 reads how we measure reads. Par induces cell death via translocation of aif to the nucleus.

Paradoxically, cell death helps shape an organisms life. Physiological basis of salt stress tolerance in rice expressing. Emphasis was put on the exposure of phosphatidylserine ps a well studied eatme signal that is known to facilitate recognition and engulfment of dying cells by phagocytes and is known to be an. Study of the physiological and molecular mechanisms. Whsc1l1 regulates estrogen receptor activity in sum44 breast cancer cells, jonathan curtis irish. Metabolic analysis of a cho cell line in batch and fedbatch. Pdf amelioration of ionizing radiation induced cell death. On the one hand, accidental cell death is induced upon exposure to severe insults, such as mechanical, chemical or physical stimuli, which results in. The rate of apoptotic cell formation was assumed to have a second order. More than 100 nineteenth century publications deal with it, and we re view most of these. Classification of cell death fevziye vural, suna cebesoy and mehmet karakas abstract in 1972 kerr and colleagues collect the cell death under two headings. In the physiologic contexts of embryonic development and tissue renewal, or as a pathologic response to cell injury and infectious pathogens, cell deaths are orchestrated for multiple.

The role 18ffdg and 18fnaf petct in assessment of temporomandibular joint metabolic activity in rheumatoid arthritis, abdulrahman a. Physiological cell death has been observed in various multicellular organisms. Cadmiuminduced autophagy and autophagic contribution to cell death in cadmiumtreated mesangial cells bilal ahmadi master of science department of laboratory medicine and pathobiology university of toronto 2016 abstract cadmium cd is a nephrotoxic metal that has a number of consequences for renal function. Programmed cell death in development and defense plant. Diminishment of photodynamic therapy by tumor incisions is not due to differences in acute cell death. Hoang, thi my linh 2014 engineering salinity tolerance in rice by exogenous expression of cell death regulators. Page 4 of 26 due to its importance in such various biological processes, programmed cell death is a widespread phenomenon, occuring in all kinds of metazoans tittel, 2000 such as in mammals, insects. Lymphocyte apoptosis an overview sciencedirect topics. The cell death process and the removal of the dying cells has to be tightly. The main aim of this thesis is to investigate the anticancer effects of the multi tyrosine kinase inhibitor tki sorafenib in hematological and solid tumors. Regina day, phd, associate professor, department of pharmacology and graduate program in molecular and cell biology exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation ir causes serious biological. During this time, however, ca1 cell death continued over the 90 day survival period p cell death and neuroplasticity recovery of function. Germline cell death in drosophila occurs in response to many stimuli and uses diverse mechanisms, both apoptotic and nonapoptotic. Inflammatory consequences of divergent cell death signals.

Cell death and its regulation molecular cell biology. Regulation of tumor necrosis factorinduced cell death and. Identifying mechanisms of resistance and potential therapeutic targets for pediatric acute myeloid leukemia, john timothy caldwell. Examining the role of autophagy in skeletal muscle cell. Crichton thesis submitted to the school of graduate and postdoctoral studies, university of ottawa, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of science department of biochemistry, microbiology and immunology.

Tnfinduced necroptosis involves a receptorbinding complex i that initiates prosurvival signaling, and an intracellular complex iib that activates. Molecular mechanisms of apoptosis induction by aicar and the. This dissertation tells a twentiethcentury history of scientific investigations on cell degeneration, including cell death and aging. Cell death signaling complexes during macrophage differentiation. Diminishment of photodynamic therapy by tumor incisions is.

This was 7 decades before the flurry of apoptosis research in animals. School of genetics and microbiology, 2001, pp 260 download item. This student paper was written as an assignment in the graduate course free radicals in biology and medicine 77. Autophagydependent cell death where, how and why a cell. In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements of a postgraduate degree. The main objective of this study was to develop an in vitro cell culture. In our study, we determined changes in expression of genes related to. The alternative to apoptotic cell death is necrosis, which is considered to be a toxic process where the cell is a passive victimandfollowsanenergyindependentmodeofdeath. Nineteenth century research on naturally occurring cell.

Study of the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying peptideinduced cell death and biofilm formation in streptococcus mutans julie ann perry doctor of philosophy, faculty of dentistry, university of toronto 2009 abstract biofilms are complex and highly adapted communities of microorganisms found attached to surfaces. Effects of chemotherapy on bone growth and chondrocyte. Death receptor fascd95 is a crucial component in the regulation of ligand induced apoptosis in many cell types. The nanotoxicology discipline deals with the nanoparticle npinduced toxicity and mechanisms of cell death in healthy cells, whereas anticancer agents delivered via nanobased approaches aim to induce cell death in abnormally proliferating cancer cells. This disruption can result from uncontrolled cell growth or loss of a cells ability to undergo apoptosis.

Programmed cell death pcd is a naturally occurring event in multicellular organisms. It has become commonplace to say that contemporary western society is deathdenying. Characterization of polyadpribose par as a death signal. Hypersensitive cell death is commonly controlled by direct or indirect interactions between pathogen. Investigating the role of ptpn and entr1 in apoptotic. Cell death signaling complexes during macrophage differentiation dikchha rijal thesis submitted to the faculty of graduate and postdoctoral studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the msc degree in microbiology and immunology department of biochemistry, microbiology and immunology faculty of medicine, university of ottawa. Nanotoxicology and anticancer nanotherapeutics are essentially two sides of the same coin. Interestingly, both apoptotic signaling and altered autophagy have been observed in states associated with muscular atrophy and dysfunction.

Apoptosis or programmed cell death is the predominant form of physiological cell death by which the organism eliminates unnecessary or damaged single cells. Thus, the purpose of my research was to characterize victorininduced cell death to provide insight into both disease susceptibility and resistance. Typical apoptosis in animal cells must exhibit all of the following features. Competing processes of cell death and recovery of function. Ptpn, a multipdz domain phosphatase, directly interacts with fas and low surface.